[4][14] Inside the main shaft a staircase, and in other cases a ramp, ascends to the top of the minaret. This is not your ordinary life. [8] Many of these early madrasas, however, have been poorly preserved or have been considerably modified in the centuries since their foundation. [11][12], In the 7th century the region of North Africa became steadily integrated into the emerging Muslim world during the Early Arab-Muslim Conquests. [1] The architectural tradition is exemplified by mosques, madrasas, palaces, fortifications, hammams (bathhouses), funduqs (caravanserais), and other historic building types common to the Islamic world. The mihrab (niche symbolizing the qibla) of a mosque was almost invariably in the shape of horseshoe arch. [9], In the 9th century the province of Ifriqiya, while still nominally under the control of the Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad, was de facto ruled by the Aghlabid dynasty. Almoravid and Almohad architecture made more use of a general striated leaf motif, often curling and splitting into unequal parts along an axis of symmetry. INSPIRATION JARDIN: Jean-Michel Groult nous emmène à la découverte de l’Atelier Jardin, et nous présente un petit coin de jardin de style mauresque en damier de calade et de gazon, un mariage réussi du minéral et du végétal pour une scene contemporaine...L’Atelier JardinRoute de Cousance39270 Cressia03 84 44 50 72latelierjardin39@orange.frInspirez-vous! [2] This pre-established repertoire of shapes combined to generate a variety of complex patterns is also known as the hasba method. One of the western gates of the mosque, known as Bab al-Wuzara' (today known as Puerta de San Esteban), dates from this period and is often noted as an important prototype of later Moorish architectural forms and motifs. "Symmetry groups of Moroccan geometric woodwork patterns". 13 déc. [5][8] The Courtyard of the Lions (or Palace of the Lions) was built under Muhammad V[8] and possibly finished around 1380. [1][8][9] Accordingly, most mosques in the region have roughly rectangular floor plans and follow the hypostyle format: they consist of a large prayer hall upheld and divided by rows of horseshoe arches running either parallel or perpendicular to the qibla wall (the wall towards which prayers faced). [2]:32, 34, A sebka or darj wa ktaf motif on one of the facades of the Hassan Tower in Rabat, Morocco (late 12th century), Variation of the sebka motif with a trefoil-like shape on the minaret of the Kasbah Mosque in Marrakesh, Morocco (late 12th century), Sebka pattern filled with other motifs in carved stucco decoration at the Alhambra in Granada, Spain (14th century), Darj wa ktaf motif on Bab Mansour in Meknes, Morocco (early 18th century), Geometric patterns, most typically making use of intersecting straight lines which are rotated to form a radiating star-like pattern, were common in Islamic architecture generally and across Moorish architecture. [7], Meanwhile, in the former territories of al-Andalus under the control of the Spanish kingdoms of Léon, Castile and Aragon, Andalusi art and architecture continued to be employed for many years as a prestigious style under new Christian patrons, becoming what is known as Mudéjar art (named after the Mudéjars or Muslims under Christian rule). [1][8], This architectural style blended influences from Berber culture in North Africa, pre-Islamic Iberia (Roman, Byzantine, and Visigothic), and contemporary artistic currents in the Islamic Middle East to elaborate a unique style over centuries with recognizable features such as the "Moorish" arch, riad gardens (courtyard gardens with a symmetrical four-part division), and elaborate geometric and arabesque motifs in wood, stucco, and tilework (notably zellij). [13] The Great Mosque of Kairouan was founded here by Uqba ibn Nafi in 670. These are found in carved stucco and wood decoration, and most notably in zellij mosaic tilework which became commonplace in Moorish architecture from the Marinid and Nasrid period onward. [8]:159 Like other stucco and wood decoration, it would have originally been painted in different colours order to enhance its motifs. Both the Nasrids in al-Andalus to the north and the Marinids in Morocco to the south were important in further refining the artistic legacy established by their predecessors. [1][8] The architecture of Nasrid Granada likewise embraced extensive surface decoration and made use of elaborate muqarnas sculpting in many buildings. [1]:351–352, Kufic inscriptions carved into the façade of the Mosque of the Three Doors in Kairouan, Tunisia, dating from 866, Kufic Arabic inscriptions in gold mosaics above the mihrab of the Great Mosque of Cordoba (10th century), Late 12th-century Kufic inscription carved into stone on the Almohad gate of Bab Agnaou in Marrakesh, Kufic script with floral and interlacing flourishes, painted on tile, in the Al-Attarine Madrasa, Fes, Morocco (early 14th century), Arabic calligraphic inscription in cursive script carved into stucco in the al-Attarine Madrasa in Fes (early 14th century), Arabic calligraphic inscription carved into wood in the Sahrij Madrasa in Fes, surrounded by other arabesque decoration (early 14th century), The Nasrid motto ("There is no conqueror but God") in cursive Arabic calligraphy the Salón de Embajadores in the Alhambra, Granada (14th century), Muqarnas (also called mocárabe in Spain), sometimes referred to as "honeycomb" or "stalactite" carvings, consists of a three-dimensional geometric prismatic motif which is among the most characteristic features of Islamic architecture. [1] This type of arch is also sometimes referred to as a "muqarnas" arch due to its similarities with a muqarnas profile and because of its speculated derivation from the use of muqarnas itself. This tradition is evident in the gardens of the Madinat al-Zahra built by the Caliphs of Cordoba (10th century), in the Agdal Gardens south of the Kasbah of Marrakesh created by the Almohads (12th century), the Mosara Garden created by the Marinids north of their palace-city of Fes el-Jdid (13th century), and the Generalife created by the Nasrids east of the Alhambra (13th century). The madrasa in the Sunni world was generally antithetical to more "heterodox" religious doctrines, including the doctrine espoused by the Almohad dynasty. [19][46][1]:237 While the earliest forms of muqarnas in Islamic architecture were used as squinches or pendentives at the corners of domes,[1]:237 they were quickly adapted to other architectural uses. The madrasa was an institution which originated in northeastern Iran by the early 11th century and was progressively adopted further west. This photo gallery illustrates just a few. [54] However, in early Islamic periods there were other interpretations of what the qibla should be. [1][2] In the late 16th century, Saadian architecture sometimes made use of a mandorla-type (or almond-shaped) motif which may have been of Ottoman influence. InStock. 2019 - Découvrez le tableau "Façades" de mejrirostom sur Pinterest. In the western Islamic world they were particularly dynamic and were used, among other examples, to enhance entire vaulted ceilings, fill in certain vertical transitions between different architectural elements, and even to highlight the presence of windows on otherwise flat surfaces. This resulted in the addition of floral forms or arabesque backgrounds to calligraphic compositions. Some were relatively simple and plain, while others, like the Funduq al-Najjarin in Fes, were quite richly decorated. [1]:232 Moreover, this type of arch was indeed commonly used with muqarnas sculpting along the intrados (inner surfaces) of the arch. Its floor plan had noticeable differences from previous Almohad-period mosques but the minaret, completed in 1233, bears very strong resemblance the minaret of the earlier Almohad Kasbah Mosque in Marrakesh. In the Almoravid and Almohad periods, this type of arch was further refined for decorative functions while horseshoe arches continued to be standard elsewhere. Vente Villa Alger Birkhadem - Immobilier; Superficie : 775 M² 6 pièce(s) 1 étage Quatier : Compagne semmar Act notarié Livret foncier Jardin . [8] Other smaller but notable examples in Cordoba include the Chapel of San Bartolomé[28] and the Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) in the Great Mosque (which was converted to a cathedral in 1236). [8]:213, The Kasbah Mosque of Tunis was one of the first works of this period, built by Abu Zakariya (the first independent Hafsid ruler) at the beginning of his reign. [66] The smoke generated by this furnace helped with heating the floors while excess smoke was evacuated through chimneys. [1][2] These establishments provided higher education and served to train Islamic scholars, particularly in Islamic law and jurisprudence (fiqh). Every neighbourhood normally had one or many mosques in order to accommodate the spiritual needs of its residents. [52][22], Mosque architecture in Al-Andalus and the Maghreb was heavily influenced from the beginning by major well-known mosques in early cultural centers like the Great Mosque of Kairouan and the Great Mosque of Cordoba. [1][14][8], In the 10th century Abd ar-Rahman III declared a new Caliphate in al-Andalus and inaugurated the height of Andalusi power in the region. If you’re nodding your head, don’t worry because you’re not … 2019 - Découvrez le tableau "Maison MAURESQUE DECO" de Alain Must sur Pinterest. [1][2][53] In North Africa some funduqs also housed the workshops of local artisans. ... Skikda l'Hotel de ville du style néo - Mauresque. [58][59] One of the most famous historic synagogues in Tunisia is the 19th-century El Ghriba Synagogue. Synagogues had a very different layout from mosques but in North Africa and Al-Andalus they often shared similar decorative trends as the traditional Islamic architecture around them, such as colourful tilework and carved stucco,[56][57] though later synagogues in North Africa were built in other styles too. Inscriptions could also feature Qur'anic verses, exhortations of God, and other religiously significant passages. [13] Early contributions to Moroccan architecture from this period include expansions to the Qarawiyyin and Andalusi mosques in Fes and the addition of their square-shafted minarets, carried out under the sponsorship of Abd ar-Rahman III and following the example of the minaret he built for the Great Mosque of Cordoba. Moorish architecture, is an architectural style which historically developed in the western Islamic world, which included al-Andalus (Muslim-ruled Spain and Portugal between 711 and 1492), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (part of the Maghreb). [16] As a result of this function, they also became centers for other commercial activities such as auctions and markets. Modern architecture in Morocco includes many examples of early 20th-century Art Deco and local neo-Moorish (or Mauresque) architecture constructed during the French (and Spanish) colonial occupation of the country between 1912 and 1956 (or until 1958 for Spain). In the western Islamic world (the Maghreb and al-Andalus), in particular, early mosques often had a southern orientation, as can be seen in major early mosques like the Great Mosque of Cordoba and the Qarawiyyin Mosque in Fes. [52][36][22], Lastly, mosque buildings were distinguished by their minarets: towers from which the muezzin issues the call to prayer to the surrounding city. Mauresque Sisters by Nick Bantock canvas art arrives ready to hang, with hanging accessories included and no additional framing required. Up until the late 19th century and early 20th century, both the sultans and their ministers continued to build beautiful palaces, many of which are now used as museums or tourist attractions, such as the Bahia Palace in Marrakesh, the Dar Jamaï in Meknes, and the Dar Batha in Fes. [9] This period is considered one of the most formative stages of Moorish architecture and especially of Moroccan architecture, establishing many of the forms and motifs that were refined in subsequent centuries. The Bañuelo of Granada, another historic Islamic bathhouse, also dates from this period. Synagogues and the Moorish Revival", "Mudejar Chapel of San Bartolomé - Córdoba", "Royal Chapel | Web Oficial - Mezquita-Catedral de Córdoba", "Qantara - Synagogue of Santa Maria la Blanca", "Visit Sefardí Museum, El Tránsito Synagogue | TCLM", "Accommodation in Morocco | Where to stay in Morocco", "In Morocco, Exploring Remnants of Jewish History", "Morocco is a trove of Jewish history if you know where to go", "Cultural Heritage Conservation and Sustainability Based on Surveying and Modeling: The Case of the 14th Century Building Corral del Carbón (Granada, Spain)", "The Architecture of the Hammams of Fez, Morocco", "Iglesia de San Juan | Almería, Spain Attractions", "Qantara - Original minaret of the mosque of Árchez", "Minaret at Iglesia de San Juan de los Reyes", "Casa de Zafra. Moorish architecture, is an architectural style which historically developed in the western Islamic world, which included al-Andalus (Muslim-ruled Spain and Portugal between 711 and 1492), Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (part of the Maghreb). [8] Other foundations from the Hafsid period in Tunis include the Haliq Mosque (13th century) and the al-Hawa Mosque (1375). [1][22][36][2], The Saadians, especially under the sultans Abdallah al-Ghalib and Ahmad al-Mansur, were extensive builders and benefitted from great economic resources at the height of their power in the late 16th century. [40] The Palazzo dei Normanni in Sicily was begun in the 9th century by the Emir of Palermo. [1]:232[2]:32 Another version, also commonly found on minarets in alternation with the darj wa ktaf, consists of interlacing multifoil/polylobed arches which form a repeating partial trefoil shape. Historically, there was a distinction between regular mosques and "Friday mosques" or "great mosques", which were larger and had a more important status by virtue of being the venue where the khutba (sermon) was delivered on Fridays. à partir de 3.08. [1]:251 In the 12th century a "cursive" script began to appear, though it only became commonplace in monuments from the Marinid and Nasrid period (13th-15th century) onward. Style mauresque (ARTS DECORATIFS) [Danby, Miles, Haddad, Nordine] on Amazon.com. [29][1] Some surviving 13th and 14th-century Jewish synagogues were also built (or rebuilt) in Mudéjar Moorish style while under Christian rule, such as the Synagogue of Santa Maria la Blanca in Toledo (rebuilt in its current form in 1250),[30]Synagogue of Cordoba (1315),[31] and the Synagogue of El Tránsito (1355-1357). Centro de Interpretacion del Albaicin", "Qantara - Église paroissiale de Fiñana", "Iglesia Colegial del Salvador/Mosque of Ibn Abbas, Seville", "Alcazaba de Trujillo Â» Castillos del Olvido", "Castillo de Trujillo | Trujillo, Spain Attractions", Islamic Art: Mirror of the Invisible World, Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe, Seven Wonders of Portuguese Origin in the World, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moorish_architecture&oldid=992711840, Moorish architecture of the Iberian peninsula, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Church of San Juan (former site of the city's Great Mosque, with an Almohad-era, "Minaret of San Juan" (930), once belonging to a mosque, now attached to the Church of San Juan de los Caballeros, Archaeological site of the Villarrubia palace (965–66), City walls and gates (remains from Zirid and Nasrid periods), Almohad minaret at the Church of San Juan de los Reyes, Ermita de Nuestro Padre Jesús (former Almohad mosque with remains of mihrab and surface decoration), Church of San Salvador (preserving traces of the former Mosque of Ibn Abbas on this site, the first city's first great mosque), Zawiya of Sidi Qasim al-Jalizi (or Sidi Qacem al-Zelliji). He marked this political evolution with the creation of a vast and lavish palace-city called Madinat al-Zahra (also spelled and pronounced today as "Medina Azahara"), located just outside Cordoba, whose construction started in 936 and continued for decades. [5] The summer palace and gardens known as the Generalife were also created nearby – at the end of the 13th century[8]:164 or in the early 14th century,[7]:204 – in a tradition reminiscent of the Almohad-era Agdal Gardens of Marrakesh and the Marinid Royal Gardens of Fes. Cuir Mauresque (Moorish leather) is a perfume launched in 1996. [1]:232, Interlacing polylobed arches at the Alcazaba of Malaga in Spain (11th century), Polylobed arches at the Almoravid Qubba in Marrakesh, Morocco (early 12th century), A polylobed arch in the Mosque of Tinmal in Morocco (mid-12th century), Polylobed arches in the Mudéjar-style Patio de las Doncellas at the Alcazar of Seville in Spain (14th century), The so-called "lambrequin" arch,[1][2] with a more intricate profile of lobes and points, was also introduced in the Almoravid period, with an early appearance in the funerary section of the Qarawiyyin Mosque (in Fes) dating from the early 12th century. [8]:208 While Kairouan remained an important religious center, Tunis was the capital and progressively replaced it as the main city of the region and the main center of architectural patronage. [25] The Nasrids also built other structures throughout the city – such as the Madrasa and the Corral del Carbón – and left their mark on other structures and fortifications throughout their territory, though not many significant structures have survived intact to the present-day. [1][2][3][4][5] The term "Moorish" comes from the European designation of the Muslim inhabitants of these regions as "Moors". The mosque was again embellished with new features by his successors Muhammad, Al-Mundhir, and Abdallah. This was especially characteristic for the tombs of "saints" such as walis and marabouts: individuals who came to be venerated for their strong piety, reputed miracles, or other mystical attributes. [2]:38[1]:250, 351–352 By contrast, however, Kufic script could also be used in a more strictly decorative form, as the starting point for an interlacing motif that was could be woven into a larger arabesque background. This marked a shift from the previous patterns of architectural patronage and may have been influenced by the tradition of building such complexes in Mamluk architecture in Egypt and the külliyes of Ottoman architecture. [48] The term is nowadays applied in a broader way to traditional Moroccan houses that have been converted into hotels and tourist guesthouses. [5]:142 Four other nearby palaces were demolished at various points after the end of the Reconquista (1492). Other polygon motifs are also found, often in combination with arabesques. Blind arches and arched niches were also used as decorative elements. The Comares Palace, which includes a lavish bathhouse (hammam), was begun under Isma'il I (ruled 1314–1325) but mostly constructed under Yusuf I (1333–1354) and Muhammad V (ruled 1354–1359 and 1362–1391). [7][5][1], The late 11th century saw the significant advance of Christian kingdoms into Muslim al-Andalus, particularly with the fall of Toledo to Alfonso VI of Castile in 1085, and the rise of major Berber empires originating in Morocco. The minaret of the Kasbah Mosque of Marrakech was particularly influential and set a style that was repeated, with minor elaborations, in the following Marinid period of Morocco. [60] Madrasas also played a supporting role to major learning institutions of the region like the Qarawiyyin Mosque in Fes; in part because, unlike the mosque, they provided accommodations for students who came from outside the city. [1]:45 The origin of this arch appear to date back to the preceding Byzantine period across the Mediterranean, as versions of it appear in Byzantine-era buildings in Cappadocia, Armenia, and Syria. [2] Notably, they were also the first to build madrasas in this region, a type of institution which originated in Iran and had spread west. Find high-quality Style Mauresque stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The Great Mosque of Algiers (1096–1097), the Great Mosque of Tlemcen (1136), and the Great Mosque of Nedroma (1145) were all founded in the Almoravid period. [4] While many structures of this kind can be found in historic North African cities, the only one in Al-Andalus to have been preserved is the Nasrid-era Corral del Carbón in Granada. Style Mauresque. [16] They typically consisted of a large central courtyard surrounded by a gallery, around which storage rooms and sleeping quarters were arranged, frequently over multiple floors. [4] It may have been inspired or derived from Byzantine mosaics and then adapted by Muslim craftsmen for faience tiles. the Lalla az-Zhar Mosque in Fes, the Ben Salah Mosque in Marrakesh, the Zawiya an-Nussak in Salé, the Great Mosque of Oujda, etc). [22][36], The Alaouites, starting with Moulay Rashid in the mid-17th century, succeeded the Saadians as rulers of Morocco and continue to be the reigning monarchy of the country to this day. Download premium images you can't get anywhere else. When the French created their plan for Casablanca they wanted the city to embody the best of modern Western architecture and traditional Moroccan design. RESOURCES Chandelier Buying Guide Brightness Comparison Chart SHIPPING & … The Aghlabids were major builders and erected many of Tunisia's oldest Islamic-era monuments, including military structures like the Ribat of Sousse and the Ribat of Monastir, religious buildings like the Great Mosque of Sousse and the Great Mosque of Sfax, and practical infrastructure works like the Aghlabid Reservoirs of Kairouan. Perhaps due to this Visigothic influence, horseshoe arches were particularly predominant afterwards in al-Andalus under the Umayyads of Cordoba, although the "Moorish" arch was of a slightly different and more sophisticated form than the Visigothic arch. Italie, France... - Croisière (37 jours / 36 nuits) à bord du MSC Poesia de MSC Croisières. [8]:211, The Hafsids were eventually supplanted by the Ottomans who took over most of the Maghreb in the 16th century, with the exception of Morocco, which remained an independent kingdom. Prev. It represents a blend of leather wrapped up in jasmine and sweet spices to make a … [1][27] Among the most famous and celebrated examples is the Alcazar of Seville, which was the former palace of the Abbadids and the Almohads in the city but was rebuilt in by Christian rulers, including Peter the Cruel who added lavish sections in Moorish style starting in 1364 with the help of craftsmen from Granada and Toledo.

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