[166], Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of canon law. In 1978, the Bank of Italy produced a report on Ambrosiano that predicted future disaster. [112], The pope won that struggle by transcending politics. He was lowered into a tomb created in the same alcove previously occupied by the remains of Pope John XXIII. [195] Reagan's correspondence with the pope reveals "a continuous scurrying to shore up Vatican support for U.S. policies. Deux cent dix-sept évêques réunis en concile à Carthage (535)[3] soumettent à Jean II la question de savoir si les évêques qui avaient versé dans l'arianisme doivent, après repentance, retrouver leur rang ou n'être admis à la communion que comme simples laïcs. [339][340], The canonisation Mass for Blessed Popes John Paul II and John XXIII, was celebrated by Pope Francis (with Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI), on 27 April 2014 in St. Peter's Square at the Vatican (Pope John Paul had died on vigil of Divine Mercy Sunday in 2005). [32][69] In 1960, Wojtyła published the influential theological book Love and Responsibility, a defence of traditional Church teachings on marriage from a new philosophical standpoint. [23][55][86], The second conclave of 1978 started on 14 October, ten days after the funeral. In 2009 John Koehler, a journalist and former army intelligence officer, published Spies in the Vatican: The Soviet Union's Cold War Against the Catholic Church. He consistently attracted large crowds, some among the largest ever assembled in human history, such as the Manila World Youth Day, which gathered up to four million people, the largest Papal gathering ever, according to the Vatican. Il exerce du 2 janvier 533 au 8 mai 535. Andrew M. Essig, and Jennifer L. Moore. In March 1949, Wojtyła was transferred to the parish of Saint Florian in Kraków. [200][better source needed] Captain Grzegorz Piotrowski, one of the murderers of beatified Jerzy Popiełuszko, was the leader of section D. They drugged Irena Kinaszewska, the secretary of the Kraków-based weekly Catholic magazine Tygodnik Powszechny where Karol Wojtyła had worked, and unsuccessfully attempted to make her admit to having had sexual relations with him. Kindle Edition. And what struck me about some of them was their Polish patriotism. 80 citations de Jean-Paul II - Ses plus belles pensées Citations de Jean-Paul II Sélection de 80 citations et phrases de Jean-Paul II - Découvrez un proverbe, une phrase, une parole, une pensée, une formule, un dicton ou une citation de Jean-Paul II issus de romans, d'extraits courts de livres, essais, discours ou entretiens de l'auteur. The death of the pontiff set in motion rituals and traditions dating back to medieval times. Mais apparemment le parti de la cour était trop fort dans la ville pour Narsès et pour le pape. [334][335][337], On 4 July 2013, Pope Francis confirmed his approval of John Paul II's canonisation, formally recognising the second miracle attributed to his intercession. While teaching, he gathered a group of about 20 young people, who began to call themselves Rodzinka, the "little family". Stefan Cardinal Wyszyński, who informed him of his appointment. It seems that those who practice them are particularly close to Christianity, and among them, the Church's missionaries also find it easier to speak a common language. The Church in Europe needs the Poles' testimony of faith. HarperCollins. [227] He became the first pope known to have made an official papal visit to a synagogue, when he visited the Great Synagogue of Rome on 13 April 1986. [69] He focused on creating original literary work during his first dozen years as a priest. "Thomistic Personalism." Pope John Paul II continued to declare that contraception, abortion, and homosexual acts were gravely sinful, and, with Joseph Ratzinger (future Pope Benedict XVI), opposed liberation theology. For in everything that happened to me on that very day, I felt that extraordinary motherly protection and care, which turned out to be stronger than the deadly bullet. He asked them to "diligently investigate accusations". He translated Scheler's Formalism and the Ethics of Substantive Values. "[345] In April 2003, a three-day conference was held, titled "Abuse of Children and Young People by Catholic Priests and Religious", where eight non-Catholic psychiatric experts were invited to speak to near all Vatican dicasteries' representatives. "[181] Later, he met with several opposition groups, including those that had been declared illegal by Pinochet's government. Et deux jours plus tôt, le 12 juin, celle de Gdansk. He was in the Philippines and Marcos was out. [62] He repeated this gesture, which he adapted from the French saint Jean Marie Baptiste Vianney,[62] throughout his papacy. It entered into force the first Sunday of the following Advent,[168] which was 27 November 1983. On leaving St. Peter's Basilica, the boy told them, "I want to walk," and began walking normally. While not neglecting to comment on homosexuality and moral order, the letter issued multiple affirmations of the dignity of homosexual persons. Pope Saint John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus II; Italian: Giovanni Paolo II; Polish: Jan Paweł II; born Karol Józef Wojtyła [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛv vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 1978 until his death in 2005. [42] Wojtyła also helped a 14-year-old Jewish refugee girl named Edith Zierer,[43] who had escaped from a Nazi labour camp in Częstochowa. The alcove had been empty since John XXIII's remains had been moved into the main body of the basilica after his beatification. Through his encyclicals and many Apostolic Letters and Exhortations, John Paul II talked about the dignity and the equality of women. [377][378] The pope created an uproar in the Indian subcontinent when he suggested that a great harvest of faith would be witnessed on the subcontinent in the third Christian millennium. In 2001 he was diagnosed as suffering from Parkinson's disease. [79][109] He spoke frequently about the Church's relationship with the Jewish faith. About 150 cardinals and 700 bishops concelebrated the Mass, and at least 500,000 people attended the Mass, with an estimated 300,000 others watching from video screens placed around Rome. [322][323] On 19 December 2009, Pope Benedict XVI signed the first of two decrees needed for beatification and proclaimed John Paul II "Venerable", asserting that he had lived a heroic, virtuous life. Did Pope John Paul II Have a Secret Lover? I appreciate their concern about maintaining the cultural and religious identity of our nation. John Paul II made considerable efforts to improve relations between Catholicism and Islam.[219]. There had been rumors that the new pope wished to be known as Pope Stanislaus in honor of the Polish saint of the name, but was convinced by the cardinals that it was not a Roman name. [16][17] Posthumously, he has been referred to by some Catholics as "St. John Paul the Great", although the title has no official recognition. [271], On 31 March 2005, following a urinary tract infection,[272] he developed septic shock, a form of infection with a high fever and low blood pressure, but was not hospitalised. I would argue the historical case in three steps: without the Polish Pope, no Solidarity revolution in Poland in 1980; without Solidarity, no dramatic change in Soviet policy towards eastern Europe under Gorbachev; without that change, no velvet revolutions in 1989. [18][19][20][21], Karol Józef Wojtyła was born in the Polish town of Wadowice. Condamnée par le pape Hormisdas, la formule avait été abandonnée, mais elle reprend vigueur plus tard et, sous une forme modifiée, est défendue par Justinien et combattue par les moines acémètes, une secte monachiste. The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II – The Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy . [51], After finishing his studies at the seminary in Kraków, Wojtyła was ordained as a priest on All Saints' Day, 1 November 1946,[25] by the Archbishop of Kraków, Cardinal Sapieha. Following the Church's exaltation of the marital act of sexual intercourse between a baptised man and woman within sacramental marriage as proper and exclusive to the sacrament of marriage, John Paul II believed that it was, in every instance, profaned by contraception, abortion, divorce followed by a 'second' marriage, and by homosexual acts. Stanisław Dziwisz later said that John Paul II had been injured during the attempt but managed to hide a non-life-threatening wound. Never again will anyone be able to say that we are interfering in politics when we defend human dignity." In The Splendour of the Truth (Veritatis Splendor), he emphasised the dependence of man on God and His Law ("Without the Creator, the creature disappears") and the "dependence of freedom on the truth". "[234] In another statement issued by the Australia/Israel & Jewish Affairs Council, Director Dr Colin Rubenstein said, "The Pope will be remembered for his inspiring spiritual leadership in the cause of freedom and humanity. Wojtyła responded to his friends, "Wujek will remain Wujek," and he continued to live a simple life, shunning the trappings that came with his position as Bishop. Une fois pape, Jean-Paul II dit de celui qui était devenu un proche qu'il était « l'un de ces saints inconnus, cachés comme une lumière merveilleuse au bas de la vie, à une profondeur où règnent habituellement les ténèbres » [A 7]. Law had previously resigned as archbishop of Boston in 2002 in response to the Catholic Church sexual abuse cases after Church documents were revealed that suggested he had covered up sexual abuse committed by priests in his archdiocese. [398], After the 2020 report about the handling of the sexual misconduct complaints against Theodore McCarrick, some called for John Paul II's sainthood to be revoked. [270] He left the hospital on 10 February, but was subsequently hospitalised again with breathing problems two weeks later and underwent a tracheotomy. [362][363] Other movements and religious organisations of the Church went decidedly under his wing Legion of Christ, the Neocatechumenal Way, Schoenstatt, the charismatic movement, etc. In his 2003 apostolic exhortation Ecclesia in Europa, John Paul II wrote that he "fully (respected) the secular nature of (European) institutions". [186] In 1986, Duvalier was deposed in an uprising. John Paul withdrew it, wagged his finger in Cardinal's face, and told him, "You must straighten out your position with the church. "[156] In 1995, the Mafia bombed two historical churches in Rome. Pope John Paul II has been credited with inspiring political change that not only led to the collapse of Communism in his native Poland and eventually all of Eastern Europe, but also in many countries ruled by dictators. [100] For instance, he hugged and kissed Carmen Gloria Quintana, a young student who had been nearly burned to death by Chilean police and told her that "We must pray for peace and justice in Chile. [10][11] He was one of the most travelled world leaders in history, visiting 129 countries during his pontificate. In 1998, he issued We Remember: A Reflection on the Shoah, which outlined his thinking on the Holocaust. Newsweek (19 November 1979): 144,147. [233], Immediately after John Paul II's death, the ADL said in a statement that he had revolutionised Catholic-Jewish relations, saying, "more change for the better took place in his 27-year Papacy than in the nearly 2,000 years before. He told them to be good, not to compromise themselves, to stick by one another, to be fearless, and that God is the only source of goodness, the only standard of conduct. Pastor bonus laid out in considerable detail the organisation of the Roman Curia, specifying precisely the names and composition of each dicastery, and enumerating the competencies of each dicastery. [161] In 1995, during his third visit to Kenya before an audience of 300,000, John Paul II pleaded for an end to the violence in Rwanda and Burundi, pleading for forgiveness and reconciliation as a solution to the genocide. From 15 to 19 November 1980, John Paul II visited West Germany[238] on his first trip to a country with a large Lutheran Protestant population. ", "Mystery Nun The Key to Pope John Paul II's Case for Sainthood", "Hopes Raised for Pope John Paul II's Beatification -Times Online", "Response of His Holiness Benedict XVI for the Examination of the Beatification and Canonization of The Servant of God John Paul II", "John Paul II on Fast Track for Canonisation—Framingham, Massachusetts—The MetroWest Daily News", "John Paul II's Cause for Beatification Opens", "Pope Benedict Forgoes Waiting Period, begins John Paul II Beatification Process", "Vatican May Have Found Pope John Paul's 'Miracle, "Miracle attributed to John Paul II involved Parkinson's disease", "French nun says life has changed since she was healed thanks to JPII", "No More Shortcuts on Pope John Paul II's Road to Sainthood", "900,000 Gather for Mass with Pope Benedict", "Vatican Under Pressure in Pope John Paul II Push", "Clamour for free Pope John Paul II relics". John Paul II was criticised by representatives of the victims of clergy sexual abuse[344] for failing to respond quickly enough to the Catholic sex abuse crisis. From the beginning of my Pontificate, my thoughts had been on this Holy Year 2000 as an important appointment. [153][154][150] During that visit Ernesto Cardenal, a priest and minister in the Sandinista government, knelt to kiss his hand. In his response, he stated that "there is no place in the priesthood and religious life for those who would harm the young. [127] He campaigned for world debt forgiveness and social justice. [192][264][302][304][311][312] As of May 2008[update], Sister Marie-Simon-Pierre, then 46,[302][304] was working again at a maternity hospital run by her religious institute. Macielu? New York: Cliff Street Books/Harper Collins, 1999. p. 992. Kindle Edition. [209] In September 2001, John Paul II went on a three-day pilgrimage to Armenia to take part in an ecumenical celebration with Karekin II in the newly consecrated St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral in Yerevan. Biographie. 1 mai 2018 - Explorez le tableau « Pape Jean Paul II » de Domi, auquel 136 utilisateurs de Pinterest sont abonnés. [24] Emilia, who was a schoolteacher, died from a heart attack and kidney failure in 1929[25] when Wojtyła was eight years old. The thirty-two-year friendship (and occasional academic collaboration) lasted until his death. Il est déposé et remplacé dans son ministère. Throughout the conflict, he appealed to the international community to stop the war, and after it was over led diplomatic initiatives to negotiate peace in the Middle East. It is always a defeat for humanity. Moreira Neves, Lucas Cardinal. [303][304][306][307] In an audience with Pope Benedict XVI, Camillo Ruini, Vicar General of the Diocese of Rome, who was responsible for promoting the cause for canonisation of any person who died within that diocese, cited "exceptional circumstances", which suggested that the waiting period could be waived. [130] In addition, John Paul II chose not to end the discipline of mandatory priestly celibacy, although in a small number of unusual circumstances, he did allow certain married clergymen of other Christian traditions who later became Catholic to be ordained as Catholic priests. [79] Other encyclicals include The Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae) and Ut Unum Sint (That They May Be One). Akin, Jimmy. [24][25][37] "I was not at my mother's death, I was not at my brother's death, I was not at my father's death," he said, reflecting on these times of his life, nearly forty years later, "At twenty, I had already lost all the people I loved,"[37], After his father's death, he started thinking seriously about the priesthood. Le pape Jean-Paul II trouve sa dernière demeure en la crypte de la basilique Saint-Pierre vers 14h20, loin des médias. However, I must emphasise that Poland has always been an important part of Europe. It gained approval from the Holy See to open the diocesan phase of the cause on May 7, 2020.[342]. Dr. Antonio Schlesinger Piedrahita, a renowned neurologist in Colombia, certified Fidel's healing. Célébrant à cette occasion la messe sur la tombe du Souverain Pontife polonais, le Pape François a rappelé, dans son homélie, trois traits marquants de son prédécesseur: sens de la prière, proximité avec le peuple, amour de la justice. The Great Jubilee of the year 2000 included a day of Prayer for Forgiveness of the Sins of the Church on 12 March 2000. [108][109][228] In part of his address he said: "I assure the Jewish people the Catholic Church … is deeply saddened by the hatred, acts of persecution and displays of anti-Semitism directed against the Jews by Christians at any time and in any place,", "no words strong enough to deplore the terrible tragedy of the Holocaust. [78] On 26 June 1967, Paul VI announced Archbishop Karol Wojtyła's promotion to the Sacred College of Cardinals. [172] It is the codification of the common portions of the Canon Law for the 23 of the 24 sui iuris churches in the Catholic Church that are the Eastern Catholic Churches. Witness to Hope; The Biography of Pope John Paul II, by George Weigel. [81][82][83] She served as his host when he visited New England in 1976 and photos show them together on skiing and camping trips. [257] Mining mostly East German and Polish secret police archives, Koehler says the assassination attempts were "KGB-backed" and gives details. [13], John Paul II was the second longest-serving pope in modern history after Pope Pius IX. S. Ioannes Paulus PP. Following a ceremony on 2 April 2007—the second anniversary of the Pontiff's death—the cause proceeded to the scrutiny of the committee of lay, clerical, and episcopal members of the Vatican's Congregation for the Causes of Saints, to conduct a separate investigation. [404][405], Writers Carl Bernstein, the veteran investigative journalist of the Watergate scandal, and Vatican expert Marco Politi, were the first journalists to talk to Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka in the 1990s about her importance in John Paul's life. For other uses, see, Bishops consecrated by Pope John Paul II as principal consecrator, Painting of Saint John Paul II painted by Mahto Hogue, 2009, Participation in Vatican II and subsequent events, Role as spiritual inspiration and catalyst, Communist attempt to humiliate John Paul II, Relations with other denominations and religions, Lenczowski, John. [132] After John Paul II's death, both Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu praised the pope for defending human rights and condemning economic injustice.[133]. [401], In 1973, while still the archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła befriended a Polish-born, later American philosopher, Anna-Teresa Tymieniecka. However, he wanted the EU Constitution to enshrine religious rights, including acknowledging the rights of religious groups to organise freely, recognise the specific identity of each denomination and allow for a "structured dialogue" between each religious community and the EU, and extend across the European Union the legal status enjoyed by religious institutions in individual member states. According to an article on the Catholic News Service (CNS) dated 23 April 2013, a Vatican commission of doctors concluded that a healing had no natural (medical) explanation, which is the first requirement for a claimed miracle to be officially documented. ", "His Holiness John Paul II, Biography, Pre-Pontificate", "Karol Wojtyla: A Pope Who Hails from the Angelicum (Città Nuova, Roma 2009)", http://www.30giorni.it/in_breve_id_numero_14_id_arg_32125_l1.htm, "Pope John Paul II: A Light for the World", "Highlights on the life of Karol Wojtiła", "John Paul II to Publish First Poetic Work as Pope", "The secret letters of Pope John Paul II – BBC News", "Pope John Paul II letters reveal 32-year relationship with woman". John Paul II was interred in the grottoes under the basilica, the Tomb of the Popes. In Stalinist-era Poland, it was not permitted for priests to travel with groups of students. [83][402] In February 2016 the BBC documentary program Panorama reported that John Paul II had apparently had a 'close relationship' with the Polish-born philosopher. (frei erfunden). [296], Inspired by calls of "Santo Subito!" Contumeliosus, évêque de Riez, en Provence, France, est accusé d'adultère. Voir plus d'idées sur le thème catholique, saint jean paul ii, pape jean paul ii. [38] Soon after, he began courses in the clandestine underground seminary run by the Archbishop of Kraków, Adam Stefan Cardinal Sapieha. [243] The assassin used a Browning 9 mm semi-automatic pistol,[244] shooting the pope in the abdomen and perforating his colon and small intestine multiple times. [343] Critics have said that large families are caused by lack of contraception and exacerbate Third World poverty and problems such as street children in South America. Jonathan Toborowsky. On the way to the hospital, he lost consciousness. It was the single largest gathering of heads of state up to that time, surpassing the funerals of Winston Churchill (1965) and Josip Broz Tito (1980). [178] According to Monsignor Sławomir Oder, the postulator of John Paul II's beatification cause, John Paul's words to Pinochet had a profound impact on the Chilean dictator. His call for religious freedom was not always supported; bishops like Antônio de Castro Mayer promoted religious tolerance, but at the same time rejected the Vatican II principle of religious liberty as being liberalist and already condemned by Pope Pius IX in his Syllabus errorum (1864) and at the First Vatican Council.[376]. I was afraid to accept that responsibility, yet I do so in a spirit of obedience to the Lord and total faithfulness to Mary, our most Holy Mother. [89][90] The pope, in tribute to his immediate predecessor, then took the regnal name of John Paul II,[55][87] also in honor of the late Pope Paul VI, and the traditional white smoke informed the crowd gathered in St. Peter's Square that a pope had been chosen. john paul ii holy father « centesimus annus » encyclical letter to his venerable brother bishops in the episcopate the priests and deacons families of men and women religious all the christian faithful and to all men and women of good will on the hundreth anniversary of rerum novarum. [82] Tymieniecka produced the English-language version. Eternal Word Television Network. On ne connaît pas la date de la naissance de ce pape. To everyone I extend the hand of friendship, recalling the splendid words of the Dhammapada: "Better than a thousand useless words is one single word that gives peace...."[214]. In his apostolic pilgrimage to Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark and Sweden of June 1989,[240] John Paul II became the first pope to visit countries with Lutheran majorities. [14][338] The date of the canonisation was on 27 April 2014, Divine Mercy Sunday. Sachant que Narsès était l'espoir de l'Italie, Jean III le suivit à Naples, et l'implora de ne pas aller à Constantinople. On 18 October 1990, when promulgating the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches, John Paul II stated, By the publication of this Code, the canonical ordering of the whole Church is thus at length completed, following as it does...the "Apostolic Constitution on the Roman Curia" of 1988, which is added to both Codes as the primary instrument of the Roman Pontiff for 'the communion that binds together, as it were, the whole Church'[167]. Evangelium Vitae. John Paul II's visit inspired massive protests against the Duvalier dictatorship. [325], On 29 April 2011, John Paul II's coffin was disinterred from the grotto beneath St. Peter's Basilica ahead of his beatification, as tens of thousands of people arrived in Rome for one of the biggest events since his funeral. 123. In. The Requiem Mass held on 8 April 2005 was said to have set world records both for attendance and number of heads of state present at a funeral. Born in Poland, John Paul II was the first non-Italian pope since the 16th-century Pope Adrian VI. [202], John Paul II had good relations with the Church of England. Ambrosiano also provided funds for political parties in Italy, and for both the Somoza dictatorship in Nicaragua and its Sandinista opposition. The two men held many similar views and understood similar plights, both coming from nations affected by Communism and both serving as heads of major religious bodies. [94] At only 58 years of age, he was the youngest pope since Pope Pius IX in 1846, who was 54. However, Maciel's trial began in 2004 during the pontificate of John Paul II, but the Pope died before it ended and the conclusions were known. En effet, Jean II meurt le 8 mai 535. In 1994, John Paul II visited Catania and told victims of Mafia violence to "rise up and cloak yourself in light and justice! [355] It was reported that these restrictions were lifted, though Vatican spokesperson Federico Lombardi strenously denied this saying "his rehabilitation was without foundation". "[225], In 1995, Pope John Paul II held a meeting with 21 Jains, organised by the Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue. But as political leaders, they were finished. [192][193], In 1984 President Ronald Reagan opened diplomatic relations with the Vatican for the first time since 1870. If I make a mistake, please corrict me ....[91][89][92][93][deliberately mispronouncing the word 'correct'], Wojtyła became the 264th pope according to the chronological list of popes, the first non-Italian in 455 years. La rencontre avec les jeunes à Westerplatte et la messe célébrée à Zaspa, quartier des chantiers navals, devant un million de fidèles, avaient été … [287], John Paul's successor, Benedict XVI, has not used the term directly in public speeches, but has made oblique references to "the great Pope John Paul II" in his first address from the loggia of St. Peter's Basilica, at the 20th World Youth Day in Germany 2005 when he said in Polish: "As the great Pope John Paul II would say: Keep the flame of faith alive in your lives and your people";[295] and in May 2006 during a visit to Poland where he repeatedly made references to "the great John Paul" and "my great predecessor". [150], Visiting Europe, Salvadoran Archbishop Óscar Romero unsuccessfully attempted to obtain a Vatican condemnation of the right-wing El Salvador's regime for violations of human rights during the Salvadoran Civil War and its support of death squads, and expressed his frustration in working with clergy who cooperated with the government. Nobody knew how to get rid of Communism. The Church cannot be isolated inside its temples just as men's consciences cannot be isolated from God. The only modern pope with a fitness regimen had been Pope Pius XI (1922–1939), who was an avid mountaineer. In 1994, John Paul II asserted the Church's lack of authority to ordain women to the priesthood, stating that without such authority ordination is not legitimately compatible with fidelity to Christ. [58] Among other courses at the Angelicum, Wojtyła studied Hebrew with the Dutch Dominican Peter G. Duncker, author of the Compendium grammaticae linguae hebraicae biblicae. [141], On 22 October 1996, in a speech to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences plenary session at the Vatican, John Paul II said of evolution that "this theory has been progressively accepted by researchers, following a series of discoveries in various fields of knowledge. [226], Relations between Catholicism and Judaism improved dramatically during the pontificate of John Paul II. In January 2005, John Paul II became the first pope known to receive a priestly blessing from a rabbi, when Rabbis Benjamin Blech, Barry Dov Schwartz, and Jack Bemporad visited the Pontiff at Clementine Hall in the Apostolic Palace. He visited the Umayyad Mosque, a former Christian church where John the Baptist is believed to be interred,[107] where he made a speech calling for Muslims, Christians and Jews to live together. However, after over twenty-five years as pope, two assassination attempts, one of which injured him severely, and a number of cancer scares, John Paul's physical health declined.

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